Iron ore and metallurgical coal are mainly used in the blast furnace process of iron making. For this process, coking coal is converted into coke, an almost pure form of carbon that is used as the main fuel and reducer in a blast furnace.
Typically, it takes 1.6 tons of iron ore and about 450 kg of coke to produce one ton of pig iron, which is the raw iron that comes out of a blast furnace. Part of the odor can be changed by injecting pulverized coal into the blast furnace.
Iron is a mineral commonly found on the earth's surface. Most iron ore is extracted in open-pit mines in Australia and Brazil, transported by rail to special ports, and then shipped to steel mills in Asia and Europe.
According to the United Nations' COMTRADE Statistical Database, global iron ore exports in 2017 amounted to about 1.5 billion tons, representing the world's second largest commodity trade volume after global crude oil exports.
Efficient use of natural resources is critical to sustainability
The steel industry uses advanced technologies and techniques to increase production yield rates, reduce energy requirements, and facilitate the use of by-products.
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